你好！我是你的英语老师。今天我们要攻克的是中高考语法中的一个高频考点——结果状语从句。
结果状语从句主要用来表示主句动作所导致的结果，通常翻译为“以至于……”或“结果……”。在考试中，它常与“目的状语从句”混淆，且 so...that 与 such...that 的辨析是历年考试的重中之重。
一、 核心结构概览图
结果状语从句最核心的引导词是 so...that... 和 such...that...。它们的本质区别在于：so 是副词（修饰形容词/副词），such 是形容词（修饰名词）。
| 引导词结构 | 具体搭配公式 | 经典例句 |
|---|---|---|
| so + adj./adv. + that | so nice that... | The weather was so cold that the river froze. |
| so + adj. + a/an + n. (单数) + that | so nice a day that... | It was so hot a day that we went swimming. |
| such + a/an + adj. + n. (单数) + that | such a nice day that... | It was such a hot day that we went swimming. |
| such + adj. + n. (复数) + that | such nice days that... | They are such kind people that everyone likes them. |
| such + adj. + n. (不可数) + that | such bad weather that... | It was such cold weather that we stayed at home. |
二、 深度辨析：so ... that vs. such ... that
这是中考和高考最常考的陷阱区。请记住这个“名（词）归 such，形（容词）副（词）归 so”的总原则。
1. 特殊情况：当名词前有“多/少”修饰时（高频考点 ⭐⭐⭐）
当名词前被 many, few, much, little（指数量的多或少）修饰时，一律用 so，不用 such。
- 公式：
so + many/few (可数) / much/little (不可数) + 名词 + that - 例句： He has so many books that he can’t read them all. (他书太多了，读不完。)
- 注意陷阱： 当 little 解释为“小”而不是“少”时，它是一个普通的形容词，此时仍用 such。
- 例： They are such little children that they can't take care of themselves. (他们是如此小的孩子...)
2. 词序转换（灵活运用 ⭐⭐）
so + adj. + a/an + n. = such + a/an + adj. + n.
* It is so interesting a story that...
* It is such an interesting story that...
三、 结果状语从句的“高级”考点（高考必备）
1. 倒装结构 (Inversion)
为了强调结果，常将 so + adj./adv. 或 such + 名词 置于句首，此时主句要使用部分倒装（助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语前）。
- 正常语序： He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.
- 倒装语序： So fast did he run that I couldn't catch up with him.
- Such 倒装： Such a loud noise did he make that I woke up.
2. so that 引导的结果状语从句
so that 既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。
* 辨析方法：
* 看位置： 结果状语从句前常有逗号隔开。
* 看情态动词： 目的状语从句中常含有 can, may, should 等；结果状语从句通常交代一个既定事实。
* 例句： He stayed up late, so that he missed the early bus. (结果状语：他熬夜了，结果没赶上车。)
四、 句型转换：从句与短语的互换（中考必考 ⭐⭐⭐）
在写作和单选题中，经常考察 so...that... 与 too...to... 或 enough to... 的转换。
| 结果状语从句 (从句) | 简单句 (短语) | 转换规则 |
|---|---|---|
| so...that...not... | too...to... | 太...而不能... |
| He is so young that he can't go to school. | He is too young to go to school. | |
| so...that...not... | not...enough to... | 不够...以至于不能... |
| He is so young that he can't go to school. | He is not old enough to go to school. | 注意形容词反义词转换 |
| so...that... (肯定) | ...enough to... | 足够...可以... |
| He is so strong that he can lift it. | He is strong enough to lift it. |
五、 易错陷阱与名师点拨
- that 的省略： 在口语或非正式文体中，
so...that中的that可以省略，但在书面考试（尤其是语法填空）中，建议写上。 - 主从句时态一致： 结果状语从句的时态通常受主句影响。如果主句是过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态。
- 区分 so...that 和 so as to：
so...that后面接句子（有主语）。so as to后面接动词原形（引导目的状语）。
六、 提炼口诀（助记）
结果从句并不难，so/such 放在那中间。
形容副词 so 连，名词要把 such 牵。
若是单数名在前，so adj. a/an 顺序变。
many/much/little/few，永远只跟 so 走。
so 提句首要倒装，助动提前主语后。
老师寄语：
结果状语从句的得分关键在于“看词性”。看到空格，先找后面的中心词：是形容词就选 so，是名词就选 such。如果是 many/much 等数量词，闭眼选 so！希望这份笔记能帮你扫清所有障碍。加油！