表语从句

你好!我是你的英语老师。今天我们要攻克的是中高考语法中的一个重要且高频的考点——表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)

表语从句在句法结构中属于“名词性从句”的一种。掌握它,不仅能帮你拿稳语法填空和短文改错的分数,还能让你的作文句式瞬间升级。


一、 什么是表语从句?(核心定义)

简单来说,表语从句就是在连系动词(如 be, look, seem 等)之后充当表语的句子。

  • 结构公式: 主语 + 连系动词 + 引导词 + 主语 + 谓语(陈述语序)
  • 例子: The problem is that we are short of money. (问题是我们缺钱。)
    • The problem 是主语,is 是连系动词,that... 整个句子就是表语从句。

二、 表语从句的“引导词”全汇总(分类记忆表)

这是考试中最常考的部分,请务必区分不同引导词的含义和功能。

类别 引导词 在从句中的成分 意义 备注
从属连词 that 无意义 不可省略(高频考点)
whether 是否 不可用 if 代替
because 因为 常用于 It is because...
as if / as though 好像 常跟在 seem/look 后
连接代词 what / whatever 主、宾、表 什么/无论什么 常考:what 在从句中缺成分
who / whoever 主、宾、表 谁/无论谁
which / whichever 主、宾、定 哪一个/无论哪一个
连接副词 when / where 状语 时间 / 地点
why / how 状语 原因 / 方式

三、 核心考点与易错陷阱(名师提醒)

1. 语序陷阱:必须使用“陈述语序”

表语从句无论表达什么语气,一律使用主语+谓语的顺序,不能用疑问语序。
* [错误] The question is how can we solve it.
* [正确] The question is how we can solve it.

2. 引导词选择:That vs. What (高考最热点)

  • That: 仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分
  • What: 不仅起连接作用,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语
  • 对比练习:
    • The truth is that he didn't come. (从句 he didn't come 结构完整,用 that)
    • This is what he said. (从句 he said 缺少宾语,用 what)

3. 经典结构:The reason is that... (必背!)

当主语是 reason 时,表语从句的引导词必须用 that严禁使用 because
* [错误] The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.
* [正确] The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.
* [变形] It is because he missed the bus. (主语是 It 时可以用 because)

4. Whether vs. If

在表语从句中,只能用 whether,不能用 if
* [正确] The question is whether it is worth doing.
* [错误] The question is if it is worth doing.


四、 高阶提分:特殊引导词

1. as if / as though (好像...)

常跟在 seem, look, appear 等动词后。
* It looks as if it is going to rain. (看起来好像要下雨了。)
* 注意: 如果表语从句描述的是不真实的情况,需用虚拟语气

2. because vs. why (结果 vs. 原因)

  • That is why... (那是为什么...) → 后面接结果
  • That is because... (那是因为...) → 后面接原因
  • 例子:
    • He was ill. That is why he was absent. (他病了,那是他缺席的原因。)
    • He was absent. That is because he was ill. (他缺席了,那是因为他病了。)

五、 结构化总结图

graph TD
    A[表语从句] --> B[位置: 连系动词之后]
    B --> B1[be动词: am/is/are/was/were]
    B --> B2[感官动词: look/seem/sound/feel]
    B --> B3[保持/变化: remain/become/stay]

    A --> C[关键规则]
    C --> C1[语序: 必须用陈述语序]
    C --> C2[That: 不省, 不当成分]
    C --> C3[What: 当成分, 指代事物]
    C --> C4[Whether: 不用If]

    A --> D[高频句型]
    D --> D1[The reason is that...]
    D --> D2[That is why/because...]
    D --> D3[It looks as if...]

六、 老师寄语与实战练习

老师提醒: 在做语法填空时,看到 is/was 后面有个空格,第一反应就要考虑“表语从句”。先看从句缺不缺成分,缺成分首选 what,不缺成分首选 that

实战小练:
1. The problem is _ we can get enough food for the party. (我们如何能获得足够的食物)
2. This is _
I am looking for. (这就是我正在寻找的东西)
3. The reason for his success is __ he worked harder than others. (他成功的原因是他比别人更努力)

答案:
1. how (表示方式)
2. what (look for 缺少宾语)
3. that (The reason is that... 固定搭配)

希望这份讲义能帮你彻底掌握表语从句!如果有任何疑问,随时提问。