你好!我是你的英语老师。今天我们要攻克的是中高考语法中的一个重要且高频的考点——表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)。
表语从句在句法结构中属于“名词性从句”的一种。掌握它,不仅能帮你拿稳语法填空和短文改错的分数,还能让你的作文句式瞬间升级。
一、 什么是表语从句?(核心定义)
简单来说,表语从句就是在连系动词(如 be, look, seem 等)之后充当表语的句子。
- 结构公式:
主语 + 连系动词 + 引导词 + 主语 + 谓语(陈述语序) - 例子: The problem is that we are short of money. (问题是我们缺钱。)
- The problem 是主语,is 是连系动词,that... 整个句子就是表语从句。
二、 表语从句的“引导词”全汇总(分类记忆表)
这是考试中最常考的部分,请务必区分不同引导词的含义和功能。
| 类别 | 引导词 | 在从句中的成分 | 意义 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 从属连词 | that | 无 | 无意义 | 不可省略(高频考点) |
| whether | 无 | 是否 | 不可用 if 代替 | |
| because | 无 | 因为 | 常用于 It is because... | |
| as if / as though | 无 | 好像 | 常跟在 seem/look 后 | |
| 连接代词 | what / whatever | 主、宾、表 | 什么/无论什么 | 常考:what 在从句中缺成分 |
| who / whoever | 主、宾、表 | 谁/无论谁 | ||
| which / whichever | 主、宾、定 | 哪一个/无论哪一个 | ||
| 连接副词 | when / where | 状语 | 时间 / 地点 | |
| why / how | 状语 | 原因 / 方式 |
三、 核心考点与易错陷阱(名师提醒)
1. 语序陷阱:必须使用“陈述语序”
表语从句无论表达什么语气,一律使用主语+谓语的顺序,不能用疑问语序。
* [错误] The question is how can we solve it.
* [正确] The question is how we can solve it.
2. 引导词选择:That vs. What (高考最热点)
- That: 仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分。
- What: 不仅起连接作用,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
- 对比练习:
- The truth is that he didn't come. (从句 he didn't come 结构完整,用 that)
- This is what he said. (从句 he said 缺少宾语,用 what)
3. 经典结构:The reason is that... (必背!)
当主语是 reason 时,表语从句的引导词必须用 that,严禁使用 because。
* [错误] The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.
* [正确] The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.
* [变形] It is because he missed the bus. (主语是 It 时可以用 because)
4. Whether vs. If
在表语从句中,只能用 whether,不能用 if。
* [正确] The question is whether it is worth doing.
* [错误] The question is if it is worth doing.
四、 高阶提分:特殊引导词
1. as if / as though (好像...)
常跟在 seem, look, appear 等动词后。
* It looks as if it is going to rain. (看起来好像要下雨了。)
* 注意: 如果表语从句描述的是不真实的情况,需用虚拟语气。
2. because vs. why (结果 vs. 原因)
- That is why... (那是为什么...) → 后面接结果。
- That is because... (那是因为...) → 后面接原因。
- 例子:
- He was ill. That is why he was absent. (他病了,那是他缺席的原因。)
- He was absent. That is because he was ill. (他缺席了,那是因为他病了。)
五、 结构化总结图
graph TD
A[表语从句] --> B[位置: 连系动词之后]
B --> B1[be动词: am/is/are/was/were]
B --> B2[感官动词: look/seem/sound/feel]
B --> B3[保持/变化: remain/become/stay]
A --> C[关键规则]
C --> C1[语序: 必须用陈述语序]
C --> C2[That: 不省, 不当成分]
C --> C3[What: 当成分, 指代事物]
C --> C4[Whether: 不用If]
A --> D[高频句型]
D --> D1[The reason is that...]
D --> D2[That is why/because...]
D --> D3[It looks as if...]
六、 老师寄语与实战练习
老师提醒: 在做语法填空时,看到 is/was 后面有个空格,第一反应就要考虑“表语从句”。先看从句缺不缺成分,缺成分首选 what,不缺成分首选 that。
实战小练:
1. The problem is _ we can get enough food for the party. (我们如何能获得足够的食物)
2. This is _ I am looking for. (这就是我正在寻找的东西)
3. The reason for his success is __ he worked harder than others. (他成功的原因是他比别人更努力)
答案:
1. how (表示方式)
2. what (look for 缺少宾语)
3. that (The reason is that... 固定搭配)
希望这份讲义能帮你彻底掌握表语从句!如果有任何疑问,随时提问。