不能用于被动语态的动词

你好!我是你的英语老师。在中学英语学习中,“被动语态”是中高考的必考点,但很多同学往往会“过度使用”被动语态。

实际上,英语中有一大批动词绝对不能用于被动语态。这不仅是语法填空的常考陷阱,也是短文改错的高频考点。今天我们把这些“拒绝被动”的动词一网打尽。


专题:拒绝“被动”——不能用于被动语态的动词全归纳

一、 核心逻辑:为什么不能用被动?

被动语态的本质是“宾语变主语”。因此,没有宾语的动词(不及物动词)以及某些表示状态的及物动词,天然无法转换成被动语态。


二、 四大类“禁区”动词(结构化总结)

1. 不及物动词(Vi.)—— 考试最高频

这类动词本身没有动作承受者,中高考最常考查“发生、出现、消失”。

类别 核心动词/短语 错误示例 (❌) 正确表达 (✅)
发生 happen, occur, take place The accident was happened. The accident happened.
出现/消失 appear, disappear He was disappeared suddenly. He disappeared suddenly.
存在/保持 exist, remain, lie The problem is remained. The problem remains.
爆发 break out The war was broken out. The war broke out.
升降 rise, fall The price was risen. The price rose.

名师点睛:
* happen / take place 是高考语法填空的“常客”,看到它们,脑子里立刻反应:无被动,无进行(通常不考进行时)。
* take place 常指“按计划发生”,happen 指“偶然发生”。


2. 系动词(Link Verbs)

系动词连接主语和表语,描述主语的状态,而非动作,因此没有被动语态。

类别 核心动词 易错点拨
感官系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 翻译成“听起来、闻起来”,自带被动意味。
变化系动词 become, get, turn, grow, go 表示“变得...”,不能说 is become。
持续系动词 keep, stay, remain 表示“保持...状态”。
表象系动词 seem, appear 表示“似乎、好像”。

避坑指南:
很多同学受中文影响,想表达“这花被闻起来很香”,写成 The flower is smelled sweet. (❌)
正确: The flower smells sweet. (✅)


3. 表示“状态、拥有、归属”的及物动词

虽然这些词是及物动词(后面接宾语),但它们描述的是静态关系,而非动态行为。

核心动词 含义 典型例句
have 拥有 I have a car. (不说 A car is had by me.)
belong to 属于 The book belongs to me. (不说 is belonged to)
suit / fit 适合 The blue suit suits you well.
cost 花费 The bike cost me 500 yuan.
lack 缺乏 They lack experience.
resemble He resembles his father.
hold / contain 容纳/包含 The hall holds 500 people.

4. 特殊用法:主动形式表被动意义

这是一类“披着主动外衣”的被动用法,是高考英语的高阶考点

动词 使用条件 范例
read, write, sell, wash, wear, lock, cut 当主语是物,且带有 well, easily, smoothly 等修饰语,说明主语的属性/质量时。 This pen writes smoothly. (这笔好使)
want, need, require 表达“需要被...”时,后接 doing Your hair needs cutting. (= to be cut)
be worth 表达“值得做...” The book is worth reading. (不说 being read)

三、 易混淆点辨析(对比表)

在考试中,有些词长得很像,一个有被动,一个没被动,必须死记硬背:

词对 自动词(无被动 ✅) 他动词(有被动 ✅)
升/举 rise (The sun rises.) raise (The flag is raised.)
躺/放 lie (He lay on the bed.) lay (The egg was laid by the hen.)
sit (He sat there.) seat (Please be seated. / He was seated.)

四、 考试陷阱与提分口诀

1. 避坑指南

  • 陷阱1: 看到 "by..." 就想用被动。
    • 误: The accident was happened by chance.
    • 正: The accident happened by chance. (happen 绝对无被动)
  • 陷阱2: 汉语思维干扰。
    • 误: My money is run out.
    • 正: My money has run out. (run out 是不及物短语,无被动;但 use up 有被动)

2. 提分口诀(名师原创)

发生出现不被动, (happen, occur, take place, appear, disappear)
系动词后接表语, (look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem)
拥有属于和适合, (have, belong to, suit, fit)
主动形式表被动。 (read, sell, wash, write + well/easily)


五、 实战演练(中高考真题模拟)

  1. Great changes __ (take place) in my hometown in the past ten years.
  2. The food in this restaurant __ (taste) delicious; you should try it.
  3. The dictionary __ (belong) to me. Please give it back.
  4. This kind of cloth __ (wash) very well and lasts long.

【答案解析】
1. have taken place (take place无被动,根据in the past ten years用现在完成时)
2. tastes (感官系动词无被动)
3. belongs (belong to无被动,无进行)
4. washes (wash well表示属性,主动表被动)


老师寄语: 掌握“不能用被动”的动词,核心在于识别不及物动词。在做题时,先判断动词词性,再考虑语态,就能避开 90% 的陷阱!