含情态动词的被动语态

你好!我是你的英语老师。在中学英语语法体系中,“含情态动词的被动语态”是一个极具“性价比”的考点:它在填空题中送分,在写作中提分,但如果不注意细节,也极易在改错和选择题中丢分。

下面我为你系统梳理这一知识点,建议收藏并背诵其中的结构表。


第一部分:核心公式与结构图

含情态动词的被动语态,其核心逻辑是:情态动词 + be + 过去分词 (done)

1. 基本句型结构表

句式 结构公式 范例 (以 can 为例)
肯定句 主语 + 情态动词 + be + done (+ by...) The work can be finished today.
否定句 主语 + 情态动词 + not + be + done The secret must not be told to him.
一般疑问句 情态动词 + 主语 + be + done? Should the room be cleaned now?
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + be + done? When will the sports meeting be held?

第二部分:常考情态动词被动语态一览表

在考试中,不同的情态动词表达的语气不同,但be + done的部分保持不变。

情态动词 意义 典型例句
can / could 能够/可能被... Waste paper can be recycled. (废纸可以被回收。)
must 必须被... Rules must be followed. (规则必须被遵守。)
should / ought to 应该被... The trees should be watered often. (树木应该经常浇水。)
may / might 可能被... Your phone might be left in the car. (手机可能被落在车里了。)
need 需要被... The car needs to be repaired. (车需要被修理。)
have to 不得不被... The plan has to be changed. (计划不得不做出改变。)

第三部分:【高频考点】中高考易错陷阱

这是老师在批改试卷时发现同学们最容易掉坑的地方,请务必重点标记:

1. “双胞胎”陷阱:need/want/require + doing

在英语中,有些动词表示“需要”时,可以用 doing 表达被动意义,这等同于 to be done
* 公式: need/want/require + doing = need/want/require + to be done
* 例句: My hair needs cutting. = My hair needs to be cut. (我的头发需要剪了。)
* 注意: 考试中如果选项里同时出现 cuttingto be cut,通常两者皆可,但 cutting 更常考。

2. “隐形”被动:不及物动词无被动

有些动词(短语)本身不接宾语,因此没有被动语态,即使翻译成中文有“被...”的意思。
* 常见词: happen, take place, appear, disappear, break out, belong to.
* 错误: The accident must be happened. (❌)
* 正确: The accident must have happened. (✅ 事故一定发生了。)

3. “双宾语”的被动转换

当动词接两个宾语(人+物)时,变被动有两种方式。
* 例句: You should give him a chance.
* 方式A: He should be given a chance. (常用)
* 方式B: A chance should be given to him. (注意介词 to/for 不能丢)


第四部分:【高考进阶】对过去推测的被动语态

如果你是高中生,这个结构是高考语法填空和完形填空的常客:
* 结构:情态动词 + have been + done
* 意义: 表示对过去发生的被动动作的推测。

结构 意义 例句
must have been done 过去一定被...了 The window must have been broken by the wind.
can't have been done 过去一定没被... The letter can't have been sent yesterday.
should have been done 过去本该被...(实际没做) The homework should have been finished last night.

第五部分:名师总结·口诀助记

情态动词变被动,结构简单记心中:
情态动词加个 be,过去分词(done)紧跟后。
否定 not 靠情动,疑问情动往前凑。
特殊情况需留意,need doing 藏被动。


趁热打铁:实战演练

请尝试将下列句子改为被动语态:
1. We must plant more trees every year.
→ More trees ____________________ every year.
2. You should not take these magazines out of the library.
→ These magazines ____________________ out of the library.
3. Can we finish the task in two days?
→ ______ the task __________________ in two days?

(答案:1. must be planted; 2. should not be taken; 3. Can... be finished)


老师寄语: 掌握了“情态动词+be+done”,你就掌握了英语表达中一种非常地道、客观的语气。在写作中,多使用 It should be noted that... (应当注意到...) 或 Measures must be taken to... (必须采取措施...),会让你的作文瞬间提升一个档次!加油!