你好!我是你的英语老师。在中学英语语法体系中,“含情态动词的被动语态”是一个极具“性价比”的考点:它在填空题中送分,在写作中提分,但如果不注意细节,也极易在改错和选择题中丢分。
下面我为你系统梳理这一知识点,建议收藏并背诵其中的结构表。
第一部分:核心公式与结构图
含情态动词的被动语态,其核心逻辑是:情态动词 + be + 过去分词 (done)。
1. 基本句型结构表
| 句式 | 结构公式 | 范例 (以 can 为例) |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | 主语 + 情态动词 + be + done (+ by...) | The work can be finished today. |
| 否定句 | 主语 + 情态动词 + not + be + done | The secret must not be told to him. |
| 一般疑问句 | 情态动词 + 主语 + be + done? | Should the room be cleaned now? |
| 特殊疑问句 | 疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + be + done? | When will the sports meeting be held? |
第二部分:常考情态动词被动语态一览表
在考试中,不同的情态动词表达的语气不同,但be + done的部分保持不变。
| 情态动词 | 意义 | 典型例句 |
|---|---|---|
| can / could | 能够/可能被... | Waste paper can be recycled. (废纸可以被回收。) |
| must | 必须被... | Rules must be followed. (规则必须被遵守。) |
| should / ought to | 应该被... | The trees should be watered often. (树木应该经常浇水。) |
| may / might | 可能被... | Your phone might be left in the car. (手机可能被落在车里了。) |
| need | 需要被... | The car needs to be repaired. (车需要被修理。) |
| have to | 不得不被... | The plan has to be changed. (计划不得不做出改变。) |
第三部分:【高频考点】中高考易错陷阱
这是老师在批改试卷时发现同学们最容易掉坑的地方,请务必重点标记:
1. “双胞胎”陷阱:need/want/require + doing
在英语中,有些动词表示“需要”时,可以用 doing 表达被动意义,这等同于 to be done。
* 公式: need/want/require + doing = need/want/require + to be done
* 例句: My hair needs cutting. = My hair needs to be cut. (我的头发需要剪了。)
* 注意: 考试中如果选项里同时出现 cutting 和 to be cut,通常两者皆可,但 cutting 更常考。
2. “隐形”被动:不及物动词无被动
有些动词(短语)本身不接宾语,因此没有被动语态,即使翻译成中文有“被...”的意思。
* 常见词: happen, take place, appear, disappear, break out, belong to.
* 错误: The accident must be happened. (❌)
* 正确: The accident must have happened. (✅ 事故一定发生了。)
3. “双宾语”的被动转换
当动词接两个宾语(人+物)时,变被动有两种方式。
* 例句: You should give him a chance.
* 方式A: He should be given a chance. (常用)
* 方式B: A chance should be given to him. (注意介词 to/for 不能丢)
第四部分:【高考进阶】对过去推测的被动语态
如果你是高中生,这个结构是高考语法填空和完形填空的常客:
* 结构:情态动词 + have been + done
* 意义: 表示对过去发生的被动动作的推测。
| 结构 | 意义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| must have been done | 过去一定被...了 | The window must have been broken by the wind. |
| can't have been done | 过去一定没被... | The letter can't have been sent yesterday. |
| should have been done | 过去本该被...(实际没做) | The homework should have been finished last night. |
第五部分:名师总结·口诀助记
情态动词变被动,结构简单记心中:
情态动词加个 be,过去分词(done)紧跟后。
否定 not 靠情动,疑问情动往前凑。
特殊情况需留意,need doing 藏被动。
趁热打铁:实战演练
请尝试将下列句子改为被动语态:
1. We must plant more trees every year.
→ More trees ____________________ every year.
2. You should not take these magazines out of the library.
→ These magazines ____________________ out of the library.
3. Can we finish the task in two days?
→ ______ the task __________________ in two days?
(答案:1. must be planted; 2. should not be taken; 3. Can... be finished)
老师寄语: 掌握了“情态动词+be+done”,你就掌握了英语表达中一种非常地道、客观的语气。在写作中,多使用 It should be noted that... (应当注意到...) 或 Measures must be taken to... (必须采取措施...),会让你的作文瞬间提升一个档次!加油!