你好!我是你的英语老师。并列连词是中高考英语语法中的“基石”,虽然看似简单,但在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中出题频率极高。
今天我们深入解析并列连词中最核心的“三剑客”:and, but, or。
📌 第一部分:核心功能速览表
并列连词用于连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子。
| 连词 | 逻辑关系 | 核心用法说明 | 考频指数 |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | 顺承/并列 | 表示“和、又、而且”,连接对等的信息。 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| but | 转折 | 表示“但是、可是”,连接语义相反或相对的信息。 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| or | 选择/否定 | 表示“或者、否则”,用于二选一或否定句中的列举。 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
📌 第二部分:深度解析与考点突破
1. and (并列/顺承)
- 基本用法: 连接两个并列成分。
- He likes singing and dancing. (动名词并列)
- 高阶考点:【祈使句 + and + 陈述句】
- 结构:祈使句 (Do sth.), and + 主语 + will + do...
- 意义:表示“如果...那么...”。
- 例:Work hard, and you will pass the exam. (= If you work hard, you will...)
- 易错点: 在否定句中,并列成分通常不用 and,而用 or。
- ❌ I don't like apples and pears.
- ✅ I don't like apples or pears. (我不喜欢苹果和梨。)
2. but (转折)
- 基本用法: 强调前后语义的冲突。
- It’s a small house, but it’s very comfortable.
- 高阶考点:【not... but...】
- 意义:“不是……而是……”
- 例:It is not the color but the price that I care about.
- ⚠️ 考试陷阱:but 与 however 的区别 (高考常考)
| 词汇 | 词性 | 标点用法 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| but | 连词 | 直接连接两个句子,前面通常有逗号,不能放在句末。 |
| however | 副词 | 不能直接连接两个句子,需用分号或句号隔开,常加逗号。可以放在句中或句末。 |- It was raining, but they went out. (正确)
- It was raining. However, they went out. (正确)
- It was raining; they went out, however. (正确)
3. or (选择/否定/否则)
- 基本用法: 二选一。
- Do you want tea or coffee?
- 高阶考点 1:【祈使句 + or + 陈述句】
- 结构:祈使句 (Do sth.), or + 主语 + will + do...
- 意义:表示“如果不...那么.../否则...”。
- 例:Hurry up, or you’ll be late. (= If you don't hurry up, you'll...)
- 高阶考点 2:用于否定句中的列举
- I can't speak French or German. (我既不会说法语,也不会说德语。)
📌 第三部分:常考并列连词词组(关联连词)
这类词组在中高考中主要考查主谓一致(就近原则)。
| 词组 | 含义 | 谓语动词原则 |
|---|---|---|
| both ... and ... | 两者都... | 永远用复数 |
| not only ... but also ... | 不但...而且... | 就近原则 (靠近哪个主语就跟哪个变) |
| either ... or ... | 或者...或者... | 就近原则 |
| neither ... nor ... | 既不...也不... | 就近原则 |
- 例句对比:
- Both Tom and I are fond of music. (复数)
- Neither Tom nor I am fond of music. (靠近 I,用 am)
- Either you or he is going to the meeting. (靠近 he,用 is)
📌 第四部分:易错陷阱与名师点拨
⚠️ 陷阱 1:虽然...但是... (Though/Although ... but ...)
- 错误: Although it was cold, but he didn't wear a coat. (❌)
- 说明: 英语中“虽然”和“但是”不能同时出现在一个句子中。
- 正确:
- Although it was cold, he didn't wear a coat.
- It was cold, but he didn't wear a coat.
⚠️ 陷阱 2:因为...所以... (Because ... so ...)
- 错误: Because I was ill, so I didn't go to school. (❌)
- 说明: 英语中“因为”和“所以”不能同时出现在一个句子中。
- 正确:
- Because I was ill, I didn't go to school.
- I was ill, so I didn't go to school.
⚠️ 陷阱 3:and 连接的动作先后顺序
- 说明: and 有时隐含“然后”的意思,表示动作的先后。
- 例: He stood up and left the room. (先站起来,然后离开)
📌 第五部分:中高考真题演练(模拟)
-
(中考) Hurry up, _ you will miss the early bus.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【解析】选 C。祈使句 + or,表示“否则”。 -
(高考) It is not what you say _ what you do that matters.
A. and B. but C. or D. for
【解析】选 B。考查 not... but... 结构,意为“不是...而是...”。 -
(语法填空) Neither the students nor the teacher _ (know) the answer to the question yet.
【解析】knows。考查 neither...nor... 的就近原则,主语靠近 the teacher (单数),故用 knows。
💡 老师寄语:
并列连词的学习核心在于“逻辑”。做题时,先翻译句意,判断前后是“顺着说(and)”、“反着说(but)”还是“选着说(or)”。掌握了逻辑,你就掌握了并列连词的灵魂!