并列连词 and / but / or

你好!我是你的英语老师。并列连词是中高考英语语法中的“基石”,虽然看似简单,但在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中出题频率极高。

今天我们深入解析并列连词中最核心的“三剑客”:and, but, or


📌 第一部分:核心功能速览表

并列连词用于连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子。

连词 逻辑关系 核心用法说明 考频指数
and 顺承/并列 表示“和、又、而且”,连接对等的信息。 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
but 转折 表示“但是、可是”,连接语义相反或相对的信息。 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
or 选择/否定 表示“或者、否则”,用于二选一或否定句中的列举。 ⭐⭐⭐⭐

📌 第二部分:深度解析与考点突破

1. and (并列/顺承)

  • 基本用法: 连接两个并列成分。
    • He likes singing and dancing. (动名词并列)
  • 高阶考点:【祈使句 + and + 陈述句】
    • 结构:祈使句 (Do sth.), and + 主语 + will + do...
    • 意义:表示“如果...那么...”。
    • 例:Work hard, and you will pass the exam. (= If you work hard, you will...)
  • 易错点: 在否定句中,并列成分通常不用 and,而用 or。
    • ❌ I don't like apples and pears.
    • ✅ I don't like apples or pears. (我不喜欢苹果和梨。)

2. but (转折)

  • 基本用法: 强调前后语义的冲突。
    • It’s a small house, but it’s very comfortable.
  • 高阶考点:【not... but...】
    • 意义:“不是……而是……”
    • 例:It is not the color but the price that I care about.
  • ⚠️ 考试陷阱:but 与 however 的区别 (高考常考)
    | 词汇 | 词性 | 标点用法 |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | but | 连词 | 直接连接两个句子,前面通常有逗号,不能放在句末。 |
    | however | 副词 | 不能直接连接两个句子,需用分号或句号隔开,常加逗号。可以放在句中或句末。 |
    • It was raining, but they went out. (正确)
    • It was raining. However, they went out. (正确)
    • It was raining; they went out, however. (正确)

3. or (选择/否定/否则)

  • 基本用法: 二选一。
    • Do you want tea or coffee?
  • 高阶考点 1:【祈使句 + or + 陈述句】
    • 结构:祈使句 (Do sth.), or + 主语 + will + do...
    • 意义:表示“如果不...那么.../否则...”。
    • 例:Hurry up, or you’ll be late. (= If you don't hurry up, you'll...)
  • 高阶考点 2:用于否定句中的列举
    • I can't speak French or German. (我既不会说法语,也不会说德语。)

📌 第三部分:常考并列连词词组(关联连词)

这类词组在中高考中主要考查主谓一致(就近原则)

词组 含义 谓语动词原则
both ... and ... 两者都... 永远用复数
not only ... but also ... 不但...而且... 就近原则 (靠近哪个主语就跟哪个变)
either ... or ... 或者...或者... 就近原则
neither ... nor ... 既不...也不... 就近原则
  • 例句对比:
    1. Both Tom and I are fond of music. (复数)
    2. Neither Tom nor I am fond of music. (靠近 I,用 am)
    3. Either you or he is going to the meeting. (靠近 he,用 is)

📌 第四部分:易错陷阱与名师点拨

⚠️ 陷阱 1:虽然...但是... (Though/Although ... but ...)

  • 错误: Although it was cold, but he didn't wear a coat. (❌)
  • 说明: 英语中“虽然”和“但是”不能同时出现在一个句子中。
  • 正确:
    • Although it was cold, he didn't wear a coat.
    • It was cold, but he didn't wear a coat.

⚠️ 陷阱 2:因为...所以... (Because ... so ...)

  • 错误: Because I was ill, so I didn't go to school. (❌)
  • 说明: 英语中“因为”和“所以”不能同时出现在一个句子中。
  • 正确:
    • Because I was ill, I didn't go to school.
    • I was ill, so I didn't go to school.

⚠️ 陷阱 3:and 连接的动作先后顺序

  • 说明: and 有时隐含“然后”的意思,表示动作的先后。
  • 例: He stood up and left the room. (先站起来,然后离开)

📌 第五部分:中高考真题演练(模拟)

  1. (中考) Hurry up, _ you will miss the early bus.
    A. and B. but C. or D. so
    【解析】选 C。祈使句 + or,表示“否则”。

  2. (高考) It is not what you say _ what you do that matters.
    A. and B. but C. or D. for
    【解析】选 B。考查 not... but... 结构,意为“不是...而是...”。

  3. (语法填空) Neither the students nor the teacher _ (know) the answer to the question yet.
    【解析】knows。考查 neither...nor... 的就近原则,主语靠近 the teacher (单数),故用 knows。


💡 老师寄语:
并列连词的学习核心在于“逻辑”。做题时,先翻译句意,判断前后是“顺着说(and)”、“反着说(but)”还是“选着说(or)”。掌握了逻辑,你就掌握了并列连词的灵魂!